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Òåìû äëÿ ýêçàìåíà ïî Àíãëèéñêîìó
The British press
The press is a mirror of current events.
This proves to be true when you look through any newspaper. There are a lot of
photoes, articles, short and long, that inform readers of the latest events.
It has been claimed that the British read
more newspapers than any other people throughout the United Kingdom.
All British papers can be classified as
either “quality” or “popular” papers. A “quality” paper is a serious national
paper that aims at the educated reader. The best known British
newspapers which give serious coverage of the news and comment are “The Times”,
“The Gardian”, “The Financial Times” and “The Independant”. They contain
information on home and foreign affairs, serious editorials, art and literary
reviews. They provide up-to-date financial information and proffesional
advertiring.
Some newspapers have colour
supplement, with many photographs and advertisements. A popular paper is a
newspaper that is designed for the undemanding reader. Such papers have brief
and direct news reports and a large number of photographs. Much attention is
given to personal stories. Especially when they mention a figure in the public
eye, such as a member of a royal family , a political figure or a film star.
The style of English in these newspapers is often conversational with much use
of slang, catchy headlines. Among these newspapers are “The Daily Express”,
“The Daily Mirror”, “The Star”. In addition to national daily newspapers there
are nine national papers published on Sundays. Several of them include coloured
magazines.
Stavropol
Stavropol is the main town
of the Stavropol Territory. It is situated in the North Caucasus . Stavropol
was founded in 1777 as a fortress. A presen- day Stavropol is young and
beautiful. Wide streets, spacious squares, multi storeyed blocks of houses and
offices add to the beauty of the town. Stavropol in summer is one big park full
of flowers.
Stavropol is a cultural
center of the Stavropol Territory. There are three universities, many colleges
and schools here. Stavropol Drama Theatre is the oldest theatre in the North
Caucasus. The town has a puppet theatre, a circus and many cinemas. There are
many places of interest in Stavropol. Near the cinema “Rodina” you can see a
piece of an ancient wall. You can also see a simbolic teht with the key to the
town. That’s the place from where our town began to grow.
You can see a wonderful
view of Stavropol from Komsomolskaya Gorka. It’s a monument to Russian soldiers
who died that we might live.
There are three big parks,
we can say forests in our town.
People like to walk there,
especially in fine weather.
The British Library
The British Library is the
largest public library in Britain. It consists of the Reference Division, the
Bibliographic Service Division, the National Sound Archive and the Research and
Development Department in London, and the Lending Division in Yorkshire.
The Reference Division has
its origins in the library departments of the British Museum founded in 1753.
It is housed within the same 19th century building of the British Museum, with
more than 9 million books stored along two miles of shelving, and includes a
Gutenburg Bible, the Magna Carta, medieval illuminated manuscripts and original
tects by Shakespeare, Dickens, da Vinci and many others. The Reading Room of
the British Library is a centre of serious study in all fields. It is used by
university professors and lecturers,and by those who are engaged in research in
therir spare time.
The richness of the
collections in different subjects makes the Library specially useful for
journalists and writers.
The Library of Congress
today is among the world’s largest. It was established as a reference library
in 1800, and occupied one room in the building of the United States Capital
Washington. These structures hold more than 80 million items in collection of
books, newspapers, periodicals, manuscripts, films, maps, and work of drama,
music, and art. The Library’s archives keep a great number of important and
exciting documents from American history.
My pet
Most people like animals.
They keep animals at home as pets. Pets may be different. People like dogs and
cats, birds and hamsters, rabbi and hedgehoge, some people even like snakes.
But you can’t keep any
animals as a pet even if you like him very much. Can a crocodile make a good
pet? Or a lion, or a tiger, or a bear? You may love them, but will they love
you? Some day when they are big they may become dangerous.
As for me, I prefer dogs.
They are so clever and truthful. When they look at you with their beautiful
eyes it seems to you that they understand you but can’t talk.
People teach dogs to
understand commands, to do some tricks. And it think dogs teach people to be
kinder, to think of others. People change for better when they keep pets.
Sure, pets need much care.
You must keep the place where they sleep and eat tidy and clean, you must give
them three meals a day. Dogs need more attention and care than cats. You must
take then for walks at least two times a day.
I have a dog as a pet. His
name is Ret. I like him very much. I bought him. My dog is kind . He has a
black nose, brown and black fur. My dog is pedigree. He likes to bathe. Ret
enjoys Chappi and bones. I go for a walk with Ret. My father helps me to take
care of the dog. I like Ret very much. Ret is a very big dog. He lives in the
dog house . We like Ret.
I help about the house
We live in a big house. Our
flat is on the 3-th floor. We have 3 rooms and a kitchen. The flat /house/ has
all modern conveniences: gas, electricity, central heating, cold and hot
running water. It’s difficult for my mother to run the house herself. I’m big
enough to help her. Everybody in our family has his own duties. As for me, my
duty is to keep the right things in the right places. It means that I must keep
my room tidy and clean fold up my clothes.
Usually I tidy up twice a
week, on Wednesday and on Saturday. I open the window in any weather to air the
room. After that I dust the furniture, water the flowers. We do not sweep the
floor. We use a vacuum-cleaner for this.
There is a lot of work in
the kitchen. I clean the taps, iron the towels and curtains, wash up after
meals.
I do my best to help my
mother to run the house. And I’m glad when mother is pleased with me.
Sometimes I go shoping. I
buy bread, butter, milk. My father’s duty is to take our dog for a walk. But he
doesn’t like it. So I take my dog for a walks in the morning.
My birthday
Everybody likes holidays. New Year,
Christmas, May day and others. But these holidays are for all. There is one
holiday in a year that belongs only to you. It’s your birthday.
My birthday was on the 5 of July. In the
morning my parents wished me many happy returns of the day and gave me
presents. Mother gave me a jeans, father bought me a recorder. The day began
wonderfully.
I invited my friends to my birthday party.
They came at 4 o’clock in the afternoon and brought me a lot of presents –
books, sweets, toys.
Mother cooked many tasty, things, among them
was a beautiful birthday cake with ten candles in it. I was ten that day. We
enjoyed tea with the cake and sweets and fruit. After tea we had a lot of fun.
We played games, danced and sang songs.
In the evening my Granny and Grandpa came.
They brought me a lovely puppy as a present. It has always been my dream to
have a puppy! I thanked my Grandparents and kissed them. Really, I had a
wonderful birthday.
New Year party
Children all over the world enjoy New Year.
They known father frost will come and give them presents. They like to have a
fir-tree at home. It’s fun to decorate it with shiny toys and colored lights.
And it’s nice to find a surprise under it in the morning. Children like to go
to a big New Year party where they sing and dance around a beautiful New Year
tree.
I like it when Father Frost comes together
with Snow Maiden. Children recite poems, sing songs, then Father Frost gives
them presents.
When I was little I be lived that Father
Frost and Snow Maiden were real. I was so upset when I learn that they only
actors. I like New Year Parties at home, too. Father buys a New Year tree. In
the evening we decorate it together. There are many shiny balls, flags, lamps
on the New Year tree. Mother usually cooks a holiday dinner. There are so many
tasty things on the table.
At 10 o’clock guests come. They wish us
happy New Year. We watch holiday programs or TV. At 12 o’clock the Kremlin
clock strikes and the New Year comes. We congratulate each other and gull our
best wishes. I think New Year is the best holiday.
Fables
Fables are short and wise stories about
animals and people. They teach us to be kind and not to boast. When we read
fables we see people in the animals. We laugh at silly and greedy characters.
Fables teach us not to be silly and to be pleased with what we have.
I want to tell you a short story about a
greedy lion. Once he caught a hare and wanted to eat it. But then he saw a
deer, of course a deer is a bigger dinner than a hare, so the lion let the hare
go and ran after the deer, but couldn’t catch him. Now the lion had no dinner
at all. Some times it is wiser to be pleased with what you have. People must
remember fables and the lessons they teach us.
We all love and admire Esop’s fables. Esop
lived 2500 years ago in Greece. He told his fables to many people and they
remembered them. Millions of people all over the world now read Esop’s fables.
Summer is wonderful
Summer is wonderful! There are many long
sunny days and there is no school! There are new friends and many interesting
things to see and to do.
Some children spend their holidays at the
seaside, some in the mountains and some in the country.
Isn’t it nice to spend some weeks out of a
noisy town?
Isn’t it to walk in the green fields? To
watch the clouds? To sit down by a river or a lake on soft green grass? To
climb the high hills? To swim and to fish? To play games outdoors all the time.
I think I was the happiest of all because I was at a wonderful children’s camp.
Children from different towns gather here every year.
In the morning we swam and bathed in the
beautiful sea and played games on the yellow sand. In the evening we made a
camp-fire, sat around it and sang songs. We all became good friends.
The day to leave came too soon. We had a
very good time at camp with our new friends. Children find a lot of things to
enjoy, and the summer month go so quickly. Then autumn comes and school begins.
At the library
You can hardly find a boy or a girl who is
not fond of reading. Books open a wonderful world to us. Many people have their
own libraries at home. But still they go to public libraries to get one or
another new book.
There is library in our school too. It’s not
too big there is a wide choice of books there. Fairy tales and war stories, poems
and novels, science fiction and fables. You can come and choice a book to your
liking.
The library begins it’s work at 9 o’clock
and is closed at 5. If you don’t know what book to take, a librarian will help
you with your choice. A pupil is allowed to take two books at a time. Books
need care as anything else. Going to the library don’t forget the library
rules.
1.
Wash your hands before you begin to read.
2.
Do not write anything on the pages with a pen.
3.
Do not make drawings in the book.
4.
Do not make dog’s ears in the book.
5.
Do not tear the pages.
6.
Do not lose your books or leave them in shops or buses. That means that
you lose your friends.
If you keep all these rules
you’ll make a good reader. Books are our great friends. They
teach us a
lot of useful things.
Hobbies
What
is a hobby? It’s something that you like to do when you have time to spare.
People like to do different things, sometimes hobbies are very unusual.
Extravagant people prefer to collect some special things. I remember a film
about a girl whose hobby was to collect echoes. She lived in the Crimea. She
used to explore mountains on the shore, and she found different echoes there
among the cliffs.
There
was a man who collected old trains. Another man collected old cars. But such
collections need a lot of money and the place where to keep them. More often
people are fond of collecting small things: stamps, match-boxes, coins,
stickers.
Very
often people collect stamps, envelopes, postcards. Its a traditional hobby of
most children. I should say that stamps open the world for you. It’s
interesting to imagine those countries from where the letters come. There in
nothing better than to get a letter from your pen-friend and to see a new stamp
on it. Some of the stamps are very beautiful. We learn many interesting things
about these countries. Sometimes we stage fairy tales in English. Its great!
Seasons
A year is long time. Lot’s of things happen
in a year. There are four seasons in a year. All the seasons are nice: spring,
summer, autumn and winter. Spring is the morning of the year. In spring nature
awakens and the weather gets warmer, warmer, warmer. The fields are covers with
first fresh green grass and flowers. The forests are filled with bird’s songs.
The sky is blue and sun shines brightly. At night millions stars shine in the
darkness.
When summer comes, the weather gets warmer
and sometimes it’s very hot. It’s school children’s holidays time. Some of them
go to the seaside with their parents, others go to the country. Summer is
wonderful. It’s nice to walk in the green fields, to play with friends, to swim
and to fish. Children find a lot of things to enjoy in summer.
After summer autumn comes. We call autumn a
tasty season. It’s harvest time when crops are gathered in. The days get
shorter and nights get longer. The woods turn yellow-red and brown. Leaves
begin to fall down the trees. The sky is grey and it often rains.
When winter comes we spend more time at
home, because it is cold. But when snow comes the ground as a white carpet
children like to play snowballs, to make snowman, to skate, to ski.
My favorite book
It’s
hard to imagine our lives without books. We learn a lot of interesting things
when we read books. Books are our great friend and teachers.
I
am fond of reading. I like to read adventure stories, fairy tales, history
books.
When
you read books you find your selves in different lands. Together with the
characters of the books you climb high mountains, go by ship in the stormy sea,
fly into space. In a ward, you have a lot of adventures.
There
are books and writers that everybody knows. “Mary Poppins” by Pamela Travers,
“Winnie-the-Pooh” by Alan Milne, and of course “The adventures of Tom Sawyer”
by Mark Twain.
My
favorite book is “Tom Sawyer”. Tom Sawyer was a boy with wild imagination. He
and his friends liked to play games, dreamt of different adventures. Tom was
sometimes naughty and never quiet. But he was often noble and always bright and
full of ideas, I also enjoy books about animals. Have you ever heard of Bambi?
He is a baby dear who is famous all over the world. “Bambi” is a book by an
Austrian writer Felix Salthen. It’s author is a poet who feels nature deeply
and loves animals.
My friend
I
have a friend. His name is Denis. He is a pupil of the 8 form. He is lovely
boy with dark hair and brown eyes. He is 13. My friend is a clever and
industrious boy. He studies well. Besides he is fond of basketball. He plays
the basketball very well. My friend knows a lot of interesting things.
Denis
has a sweet nature. He is attentive and thoughtful to people. He helps his
parent about the house. He washes the dishes, tidies up the flat and goes
shopping. Denis has a pet. It’s a dog. He takes good care of his and always
goes for a walk with him.
We
spend much time together, and almost never quarrel. On days-of we go to the
cinema, and when the weather is fine we like to play outdoors.
What
I like in him is that he always keeps his word and never boasts.
There
is a proverb: a friend inneed is a friend indeed. And I may say, that these
words are about my friend. Because he is always ready to help me, when I am in
troubles.
I
think Denis is the very good friend.
We ought to take care of everything that nature
gives us
Nature
gives people everything they need for their lives. People have learnt to use
the soil, the water, the minerals on the earth and under the earth.
Forests
are the lungs of the planet. They give us fresh air, from the forest we get
wood to build the houses, the furniture and what-not. Paper is also made from
wood. Can you imagine our life without a common piece of paper. No books, no
newspapers. Terrible, isn’t it? Most of our clothes are also made from natural
material: leather, wool, cotton.
People
will simply die if nature is spoiled. It may sound strange, but no one does
more harm to nature than people do.
Plants
and factories throw their wastes into seas and oceans, pollute water,
contaminate sea animals and fish. Some birds and animals have disappeared from
the earth in this century. People often killed them for their beautiful skins
and feather.
But
today there are people in all parts of the world who are trying to protect wild
animals and birds. There is even an international organization called “Green
Peace”. Reservations for rare plants and animals are set up in different parts
of the world. Hunting is not allowed there.
We
all love our Earth. We love its green fields and forests, mountains, rivers and
lakes. We must take care of every thing that grows and lives on the Earth.
We like to travel
Thousands
of people spend their holidays travelling. They travel by trains, by buses, by
sea, by air or in their own cars.
A
lot of people travel in their own cars. Wonderful landscapes of our country
attract lovers of nature. People travel not only to enjoy picturesque places,
but also to see ancient monuments and other places of interest.
Hiking
is becoming very popular. People like to spend their days-off in the country.
Happy they return home to plan new hikes for the coming weekend.
Some
people prefer travelling by train, others by sea. It’s very comfortable,
especially if you don’t feel seasick.
In
fine weather the passengers
I
like to look at the ship with its many decks and cabins. It looks like a white
flouting city. When the sea is a little rough, the ship rolls from side to
side. Some passengers feel seasick.
I
like to watch the sea-gulls, listen to their cries when they fly over the
waves.
It’s
also fine to travel by trains. From a comfortable railway carriage you have a
splendid view of a country side.
And
of course it’s not bad to travel in a car. You may stop at any place you like,
have lunch under a shady tree or swim in a cool river or a like.
Sport is good for all
People all over the world are fond of sport.
Sport activities are very important for the growing organism of a child.
Children showed not neglect this fact.
There are many sport clubs that they can
join us. Light athletics gives much opportunity to those who go in for it. It
includes track field events: running, long-jumping, high jumping, discus
throwing and others.
Many children are fond of ball games:
basketball, volleyball, football. They are so exiting. Besides they are played
all year round. Children like to take part in the competitions to see who is
the quickest, the strongest, who can jump best, who is the best swimmer or
player. Pupils in different classes hold competitions in different kinds of
sport. Many boys and girls show good results. All the competitions and games
are very popular with the pupils. A lot of fans always come to watch them.
My favorite sport is basketball.
Basketball is a wonderful sport. It’s a good exercise too. It makes us strong
and healthy.
To become a good sportsman you
must train a lot. If you want to be good at something you have to work hard.
Practice makes perfect.
All around you
The world is full of wonderful things. You
see the blue sky and the grey rain, the black night and the shiny stars, trees
and mountains, seas and sunshine. These things are the world, and they are all
around you.
It’s interesting to know why we need the
Sun, why the moon is bright, what animals live on the Earth.
The world we live on is a big round ball.
It’s turning all the time, but we can’t feel it.
The Sun shines on the Earth the rain falls
on it.
Different plants grow on the Earth,
different animals live on it. The forests are full of berries and mush rooms.
There is water around the land. It’s called the
World Ocean. There is life in the Ocean too. Different sea animals and fishes
live in the ocean.
Nature gives us every thing we need for our
life. People grow food on the ground. Animals give us meat and milk. We must
take good care of nature.
Keep your eyes and ears open and you’ll see
a lot of interesting thing around you.
Planning a day
My working day begins rather early. I wake
up at 6.30, I am not an early – riser and its difficult for me to get up so
early. Then I go to the bathroom, wash my face, clean my teeth and comb my
hair. After that I dress myself.
In the morning I don’t have much time for
breakfast, so I have a cup of tea with a sandwich. Then I take my schoolbag and
run to the bus stop. My way to school is rather hard because of the traffic. I
live rather far from school. It takes me nearly 40 minutes to get there. The
buses and trolley-buses are usually overcrowded in the morning. And it’s a
problem to get into it. I must elbow my way to stand somewhere in the corner.
Nobody can call such a ride a pleasure, neither can I.
At last I am at school, and the day’s work
begins. Usually we have six or seven lessons a day with ten minute breaks.
At 1.30 the school is over. But my working
day is not, I have to do my homework at 2.00 p.m. I come home, change my
clothes, wash my hands and have dinner. After dinner I have a short rest and
then I do my homework.
Most of all I like evening hours, when the
family gets together. We like to have dinner together and speak about our
problems. Then we watch TV, or read. At 11 o’clock I go to bed. At 6.30 in the
morning the alarm clock wakes me up, and I am happy to start a new day.
Holiday in the USA
In the USA different states celebrate
different holidays, but everyone remembers the 4th of July,
“Independence day”. On this day in 1776 America signed the Declaration of
Independence. On that day people go out into the streets and take part in the
parades. The second big American festival is Thanksgiving day. It is celebrated
in November. American families meet for a special dinner, usually with turkey,
pumpkin and pies. They give thanks to God for the past year, remember the first
harvest of European Americans in 1621.
Children always have fun at Halloween on
October 31. They dress up as ghosts and witches. They go from house and say
“Trick or Treat”. If they get a “treat”, they go away happy. But if they don’t,
they play a “trick”. They might put soap on the windows or throw -----------
??? in the garden.
February the 14th is Saint Valentine’s
Day. People send valentine cards to their sweethearts of friends with words of
love.
Christmas is celebrated at the end of
December. It’s a religious holiday, the birth of Jesus Christ. By this day
people decorate fir-trees with toys and lights. Christmas is a very busy time.
People hurry to the shops to buy presents for their nearest and dearest. On New
Year’s Day most people stay up all night, even children. At midnight they go
outside and shout “Happy New Year!”
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