Другое : Romanticism
Romanticism
Romanticism
Artistic and intellectual movement that originated in
the late 18th century and stressed strong emotion, imagination, freedom from
classical correctness in art forms, and rebellion against social conventions.
Romanticism,
attitude or intellectual orientation that characterized many works of
literature, painting, music, architecture, criticism, and historiography in
Western civilization over a period from the late 18th to the mid-19th century.
Romanticism can be seen as a rejection of the precepts of order, calm, harmony,
balance, idealization, and rationality that typified Classicism in general and
late 18th-century Neoclassicism in particular. It was also to some extent a
reaction against the Enlightenment and against 18th-century rationalism and
physical materialism in general. Romanticism emphasized the individual, the
subjective, the irrational, the imaginative, the personal, the spontaneous, the
emotional, the visionary, and the transcendental.
Among
the characteristic attitudes of Romanticism were the following: a deepened
appreciation of the beauties of nature; a general exaltation of emotion over
reason and of the senses over intellect; a turning in upon the self and a
heightened examination of human personality and its moods and mental
potentialities; a preoccupation with the genius, the hero, and the exceptional
figure in general, and a focus on his passions and inner struggles; a new view
of the artist as a supremely individual creator, whose creative spirit is more
important than strict adherence to formal rules and traditional procedures; an
emphasis upon imagination as a gateway to transcendent experience and spiritual
truth; an obsessive interest in folk culture, national and ethnic cultural
origins, and the medieval era; and a predilection for the exotic, the remote,
the mysterious, the weird, the occult, the monstrous, the diseased, and even
the satanic.
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