Другое : Правонарушители (Young offenders)
Правонарушители (Young offenders)
Мирзоев Тимур 404
YOUNG
OFFENDERS
Every
Russian knows that we have a lot of troubles with juvenile delinquency. But not
many of us know about troubles with young offenders in other countries. So I am
going to tell you about young offenders in Great Britain.
First of all lets
see on survey.
“Up to 30 per cent of teenagers carry some kind
of weapon to protect themselves, with one in five boys carrying a knife,
according to a survey which shows widespread concern among young people about
their physical safety.
The survey of 24,000 teenagers by the Schools
Education Unit of Exeter University shows that two-thirds of girls and
one-third of boys fear physical attack.
About a third of girls and a quarter of boys are
so fearful of bulling that they are sometimes, often, or very often afraid of
going to school.
Almost half of 12-13-year-olds and 60 per cent
of 14-15-year-olds consumed at least one alcoholic drink.
About 10 per cent 12-13-year-olds and 30 per cent of
14-15-year-olds had tried at least one illegal drug, usually cannabis.” (The
Guardian November, 1996)
Now lets see what police say about young
offenders.
“Northumbria police identified 58 youngsters-
most 15 or younger – officially responsible for 1,079 crimes in Newcastle upon
Tyne last year and arrested on 833 occasions.
They include one boy arrested 37 times in a year,
who was a thief and a burglar at 11, and another thought to have committed at
least 300 crimes. He had been arrested 64 times in three years. Six month ago
he stole an army motorcycle and an automatic rifle – both later recovered-
after absconding from a remand center.
But on the assumption that he 58 have committed
an overage of 7.8 crimes for every arrest, the report estimates that they could
have been responsible for a staggering 6,500 crimes last year.
Young criminals were graded in five categories
from ‘most persistent offenders’ to ‘minor’.
Alan Brown, the assistant chief constable of
Northumbria, called for a national strategy to deal with juvenile offenders –
starting with special units for boys under 15 who, at present, cannot be
remanded in custody. ‘They need to be prisonlike, but could be used for
juveniles on the verge of becoming persistent offenders who need supervision
before they become seriously involved in crime,’ he said. (The Guardian
November, 1996)
All this makes us think about one thing “What
makes them commit crimes?” Here is some points.
Involvement in offending and drug use amongst young
people is widespread – every other male and every third female admitted to committing
offences and the same numbers admitted using drugs at some time – but most
offending is infrequent and minor and most drug use is confined to using
cannabis.
The strongest influences on starting to offend
are low parental supervision, persistent truancy and associating with others
involved in offending, all of which are strongly related to the quality of
relationships with parents.
The most common age fore starting the following
activities:
1- 14 years for truanting and running
away from Home.
2- 15 years for offending and taking
cannabis
3- 16 years for taking drugs other than
cannabis
The peak ages for offending are 21 for males and 16
for females.
So, how we should prevent crime by young
people?
British specialists offer: “It would be better to prevent
the offending behavior in the first place. Steps can be taken by a wide range
of agencies to address such problems by intervening before those at risk start
to offend. Local agencies need to pilot such interventions in the areas where
they era most needed, and evaluate them to learn what works.
Children brought up in families with lax
parental supervision and which live in poor neighborhoods are more likely to
become offenders. Parents who are bringing up their children in difficult
circumstances can be helped by professionals to improve their parenting skills
and produce better-behaved.
Where parents fail to socialize their
children adequately, schools end up coping with bad behavior among their
pupils. Young people who are excluded from school or who truant are more likely
to offend – so it is worrying that the number of pupils permanently excluded
from schools has risen. Schools can be helped to deal with difficult pupils by
support workers, and by advice from child and adolescent mental health services.
Use of drugs and
alcohol is high among young offenders – 70 per cent of those on supervision
orders admit to taking drugs and over half get drunk at least once a week.
Multi-agency Drug Action Teams need to ensure that some of the services
developed locally cater for the needs of those under the age of 18.”
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